7. Tests#
7.1. Unit tests#
The CubicWeb framework provides the
cubicweb.devtools.testlib.CubicWebTC
test base class .
Tests shall be put into the mycube/test directory. Additional test data shall go into mycube/test/data.
It is much advised to write tests concerning entities methods,
actions, hooks and operations, security. The
CubicWebTC
base class has
convenience methods to help test all of this.
In the realm of views, automatic tests check that views are valid XHTML. See Automatic views testing for details.
Most unit tests need a live database to work against. This is achieved by CubicWeb using automatically sqlite (bundled with Python, see http://docs.python.org/library/sqlite3.html) as a backend.
The database is stored in the mycube/test/tmpdb, mycube/test/tmpdb-template files. If it does not (yet) exist, it will be built automatically when the test suite starts.
Warning
Whenever the schema changes (new entities, attributes, relations) one must delete these two files. Changes concerned only with entity or relation type properties (constraints, cardinalities, permissions) and generally dealt with using the sync_schema_props_perms() function of the migration environment do not need a database regeneration step.
7.1.1. Unit test by example#
We start with an example extracted from the keyword cube (available from https://forge.extranet.logilab.fr/cubicweb/cubes/keyword).
from cubicweb.devtools.testlib import CubicWebTC
from cubicweb import ValidationError
class ClassificationHooksTC(CubicWebTC):
def setup_database(self):
with self.admin_access.repo_cnx() as cnx:
group_etype = cnx.find('CWEType', name='CWGroup').one()
c1 = cnx.create_entity('Classification', name=u'classif1',
classifies=group_etype)
user_etype = cnx.find('CWEType', name='CWUser').one()
c2 = cnx.create_entity('Classification', name=u'classif2',
classifies=user_etype)
self.kw1eid = cnx.create_entity('Keyword', name=u'kwgroup', included_in=c1).eid
cnx.commit()
def test_cannot_create_cycles(self):
with self.admin_access.repo_cnx() as cnx:
kw1 = cnx.entity_from_eid(self.kw1eid)
# direct obvious cycle
with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
kw1.cw_set(subkeyword_of=kw1)
cnx.rollback()
# testing indirect cycles
kw3 = cnx.execute('INSERT Keyword SK: SK name "kwgroup2", SK included_in C, '
'SK subkeyword_of K WHERE C name "classif1", K eid %(k)s'
{'k': kw1}).get_entity(0,0)
kw3.cw_set(reverse_subkeyword_of=kw1)
self.assertRaises(ValidationError, cnx.commit)
The test class defines a setup_database()
method which populates the
database with initial data. Each test of the class runs with this
pre-populated database.
The test case itself checks that an Operation does its job of preventing cycles amongst Keyword entities.
The create_entity method of connection (or request) objects allows to create an entity. You can link this entity to other entities, by specifying as argument, the relation name, and the entity to link, as value. In the above example, the Classification entity is linked to a CWEtype via the relation classifies. Conversely, if you are creating a CWEtype entity, you can link it to a Classification entity, by adding reverse_classifies as argument.
Note
the commit()
method is not called automatically. You have to
call it explicitly if needed (notably to test operations). It is a
good practice to regenerate entities with entity_from_eid()
after a commit to avoid request cache effects.
You can see an example of security tests in the Step 1: configuring security into the schema.
It is possible to have these tests run continuously using apycot.
7.1.1.1. Managing connections or users#
Since unit tests are done with the SQLITE backend and this does not support multiple connections at a time, you must be careful when simulating security, changing users.
By default, tests run with a user with admin privileges. Connections using these credentials are accessible through the admin_access object of the test classes.
The repo_cnx() method returns a connection object that can be used as a context manager:
# admin_access is a pre-cooked session wrapping object
# it is built with:
# self.admin_access = self.new_access('admin')
with self.admin_access.repo_cnx() as cnx:
cnx.execute(...)
self.create_user(cnx, login='user1')
cnx.commit()
user1access = self.new_access('user1')
with user1access.web_request() as req:
req.execute(...)
req.cnx.commit()
On exit of the context manager, a rollback is issued, which releases the connection. Donât forget to issue the cnx.commit() calls!
Warning
Do not use references kept to the entities created with a connection from another one!
7.1.2. Email notifications tests#
When running tests, potentially generated e-mails are not really sent
but are found in the list MAILBOX of module
cubicweb.devtools.testlib
.
You can test your notifications by analyzing the contents of this list, which contains objects with two attributes:
recipients, the list of recipients
msg, email.Message object
Let us look at a simple example from the blog
cube.
from cubicweb.devtools.testlib import CubicWebTC, MAILBOX
class BlogTestsCubicWebTC(CubicWebTC):
"""test blog specific behaviours"""
def test_notifications(self):
with self.admin_access.web_request() as req:
cubicweb_blog = req.create_entity('Blog', title=u'cubicweb',
description=u'cubicweb is beautiful')
blog_entry_1 = req.create_entity('BlogEntry', title=u'hop',
content=u'cubicweb hop')
blog_entry_1.cw_set(entry_of=cubicweb_blog)
blog_entry_2 = req.create_entity('BlogEntry', title=u'yes',
content=u'cubicweb yes')
blog_entry_2.cw_set(entry_of=cubicweb_blog)
self.assertEqual(len(MAILBOX), 0)
req.cnx.commit()
self.assertEqual(len(MAILBOX), 2)
mail = MAILBOX[0]
self.assertEqual(mail.subject, '[data] hop')
mail = MAILBOX[1]
self.assertEqual(mail.subject, '[data] yes')
7.1.3. Visible actions tests#
It is easy to write unit tests to test actions which are visible to a user or to a category of users. Letâs take an example in the conference cube.
class ConferenceActionsTC(CubicWebTC):
def setup_database(self):
with self.admin_access.repo_cnx() as cnx:
self.confeid = cnx.create_entity('Conference',
title=u'my conf',
url_id=u'conf',
start_on=date(2010, 1, 27),
end_on = date(2010, 1, 29),
call_open=True,
reverse_is_chair_at=chair,
reverse_is_reviewer_at=reviewer).eid
def test_admin(self):
with self.admin_access.web_request() as req:
rset = req.find('Conference').one()
self.assertListEqual(self.pactions(req, rset),
[('workflow', workflow.WorkflowActions),
('edit', confactions.ModifyAction),
('managepermission', actions.ManagePermissionsAction),
('addrelated', actions.AddRelatedActions),
('delete', actions.DeleteAction),
('generate_badge_action', badges.GenerateBadgeAction),
('addtalkinconf', confactions.AddTalkInConferenceAction)
])
self.assertListEqual(self.action_submenu(req, rset, 'addrelated'),
[(u'add Track in_conf Conference object',
u'http://testing.fr/cubicweb/add/Track'
u'?__linkto=in_conf%%3A%(conf)s%%3Asubject&'
u'__redirectpath=conference%%2Fconf&'
u'__redirectvid=' % {'conf': self.confeid}),
])
You just have to execute a rql query corresponding to the view you want to test,
and to compare the result of
pactions()
with the list of actions
that must be visible in the interface. This is a list of tuples. The first
element is the actionâs __regid__, the second the actionâs class.
To test actions in a submenu, you just have to test the result of
action_submenu()
method. The last
parameter of the method is the actionâs category. The result is a list of
tuples. The first element is the actionâs title, and the second element the
actionâs url.
7.2. Automatic views testing#
This is done automatically with the cubicweb.devtools.testlib.AutomaticWebTest
class. At cube creation time, the mycube/test/test_mycube.py file
contains such a test. The code here has to be uncommented to be
usable, without further modification.
The auto_populate
method uses a smart algorithm to create
pseudo-random data in the database, thus enabling the views to be
invoked and tested.
Depending on the schema, hooks and operations constraints, it is not always possible for the automatic auto_populate to proceed.
It is possible of course to completely redefine auto_populate. A lighter solution is to give hints (fill some class attributes) about what entities and relations have to be skipped by the auto_populate mechanism. These are:
no_auto_populate, may contain a list of entity types to skip
ignored_relations, may contain a list of relation types to skip
application_rql, may contain a list of rql expressions that auto_populate cannot guess by itself; these must yield resultsets against which views may be selected.
Warning
Take care to not let the imported AutomaticWebTest in your test module namespace, else both your subclass and this parent class will be run.
7.3. Cache heavy database setup#
Some test suites require a complex setup of the database that takes
seconds (or even minutes) to complete. Doing the whole setup for each
individual test makes the whole run very slow. The CubicWebTC
class offer a simple way to prepare a specific database once for
multiple tests. The test_db_id class attribute of your
CubicWebTC
subclass must be set to a unique identifier and the
pre_setup_database()
class method must build the cached content. As
the pre_setup_database()
method is not garanteed to be called
every time a test method is run, you must not set any class attribute
to be used during test there. Databases for each test_db_id are
automatically created if not already in cache. Clearing the cache is
up to the user. Cache files are found in the data/database
subdirectory of your test directory.
Warning
Take care to always have the same pre_setup_database()
function for all classes with a given test_db_id otherwise your
tests will have unpredictable results depending on the first
encountered one.
7.4. Testing on a real-life database#
The CubicWebTC
class uses the cubicweb.devtools.ApptestConfiguration
configuration class to setup its testing environment (database driver,
user password, application home, and so on). The cubicweb.devtools
module also provides a RealDatabaseConfiguration
class that will read a regular cubicweb sources file to fetch all
this information but will also prevent the database to be initalized
and reset between tests.
For a test class to use a specific configuration, you have to set the _config class attribute on the class as in:
from cubicweb.devtools import RealDatabaseConfiguration
from cubicweb.devtools.testlib import CubicWebTC
class BlogRealDatabaseTC(CubicWebTC):
_config = RealDatabaseConfiguration('blog',
sourcefile='/path/to/realdb_sources')
def test_blog_rss(self):
with self.admin_access.web_request() as req:
rset = req.execute('Any B ORDERBY D DESC WHERE B is BlogEntry, '
'B created_by U, U login "logilab", B creation_date D')
self.view('rss', rset, req=req)
7.5. Testing with other cubes#
Sometimes a small component cannot be tested all by itself, so one
needs to specify other cubes to be used as part of the the unit test
suite. This is handled by the bootstrap_cubes
file located under
mycube/test/data
. One example from the preview cube:
card, file, preview
The format is:
possibly several empy lines or lines starting with
#
(comment lines)one line containing a comma-separated list of cube names.
It is also possible to add a schema.py
file in
mycube/test/data
, which will be used by the testing framework,
therefore making new entity types and relations available to the
tests.
7.6. Literate programming#
CubicWeb provides some literate programming capabilities. The cubicweb-ctl tool
shell command accepts different file formats. If your file ends with .txt
or .rst, the file will be parsed by doctest.testfile
with CubicWebâs
Migration API enabled in it.
Create a scenario.txt file in the test/ directory and fill with some content.
Refer to the doctest.testfile
documentation.
Then, you can run it directly by:
$ cubicweb-ctl shell <cube_instance> test/scenario.txt
When your scenario file is ready, put it in a new test case to be able to run it automatically.
from os.path import dirname, join
from logilab.common.testlib import unittest_main
from cubicweb.devtools.testlib import CubicWebTC
class AcceptanceTC(CubicWebTC):
def test_scenario(self):
self.assertDocTestFile(join(dirname(__file__), 'scenario.txt'))
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest_main()
7.6.1. Skipping a scenario#
If you want to set up initial conditions that you canât put in your unit test
case, you have to use a KeyboardInterrupt
exception only because of the
way doctest
module will catch all the exceptions internally.
>>> if condition_not_met:
... raise KeyboardInterrupt('please, check your fixture.')
7.6.2. Passing paramaters#
Using extra arguments to parametrize your scenario is possible by prepending them by double dashes.
Please refer to the cubicweb-ctl shell âhelp usage.
Important
Your scenario file must be utf-8 encoded.
7.7. Test APIS#
7.7.1. Using Pytest#
The pytest utility (shipping with logilab-common, which is a mandatory dependency of CubicWeb) extends the Python unittest functionality and is the preferred way to run the CubicWeb test suites. Bare unittests also work the usual way.
To use it, you may:
just launch pytest in your cube to execute all tests (it will discover them automatically)
launch pytest unittest_foo.py to execute one test file
launch pytest unittest_foo.py bar to execute all test methods and all test cases whose name contains bar
Additionally, the -x option tells pytest to exit at the first error or failure. The -i option tells pytest to drop into pdb whenever an exception occurs in a test.
When the -x option has been used and the run stopped on a test, it is possible, after having fixed the test, to relaunch pytest with the -R option to tell it to start testing again from where it previously failed.
7.7.2. Using the TestCase base class#
The base class of CubicWebTC is logilab.common.testlib.TestCase, which provides a lot of convenient assertion methods.
- class logilab.common.testlib.TestCase(methodName: str = 'runTest')[source]#
A unittest.TestCase extension with some additional methods.
Create an instance of the class that will use the named test method when executed. Raises a ValueError if the instance does not have a method with the specified name.
- innerSkip(msg: str = None) mypy_extensions.NoReturn [source]#
mark a generative test as skipped for the <msg> reason
- maxDiff = None#
- optval(option, default=None)[source]#
return the option value or default if the option is not define
7.7.3. CubicWebTC API#
7.8. What you need to know about request and session#
First, remember to think that some code run on a client side, some other on the repository side. More precisely:
client side: web interface, raw repoapi connection (cubicweb-ctl shell for instance);
repository side: RQL query execution, that may trigger hooks and operation.
The client interacts with the repository through a repoapi connection.
Note
These distinctions are going to disappear in cubicweb 3.21 (if not before).
A repoapi connection is tied to a session in the repository. The connection and request objects are inaccessible from repository code / the session object is inaccessible from client code (theoretically at least).
The web interface provides a request class. That request object provides access to all cubicweb resources, eg:
the registry (which itself provides access to the schema and the configuration);
an underlying repoapi connection (when using req.execute, you actually call the repoapi);
other specific resources depending on the client type (url generation according to base url, form parameters, etc.).
A session provides an api similar to a request regarding RQL execution and access to global resources (registry and all), but also has the following responsibilities:
handle transaction data, that will live during the time of a single transaction. This includes the database connections that will be used to execute RQL queries.
handle persistent data that may be used across different (web) requests
security and hooks control (not possible through a request)
7.8.1. The _cw attribute#
The _cw attribute available on every application object provides access to all cubicweb resources, i.e.:
For code running on the client side (eg web interface view), _cw is a request instance.
For code running on the repository side (hooks and operation), _cw is a Connection or Session instance.
Beware some views may be called with a session (e.g. notifications) or with a request.
7.8.2. Request, session and transaction#
In the web interface, an HTTP request is handled by a single request, which will be thrown away once the response is sent.
The web publisher handles the transaction:
commit / rollback is done automatically
you should not commit / rollback explicitly, except if you really need it
Letâs detail the process:
an incoming RQL query comes from a client to the web stack
the web stack opens an authenticated database connection for the request, which is associated to a user session
the query is executed (through the repository connection)
this query may trigger hooks. Hooks and operations may execute some rql queries through cnx.execute.
the repository gets the result of the query in 1. If it was a RQL read query, the database connection is released. If it was a write query, the connection is then tied to the session until the transaction is commited or rolled back.
results are sent back to the client
This implies several things:
when using a request, or code executed in hooks, this database connection handling is totally transparent
however, take care when writing tests: you are usually faking / testing both the server and the client side, so you have to decide when to use RepoAccess.client_cnx or RepoAccess.repo_cnx. Ask yourself âwhere will the code I want to test be running, client or repository side?â. The response is usually: use a repo (since the âclient connectionâ concept is going away in a couple of releases).